Constantes e Override

const aceita anotação de tipo opcional e pode ser declarado dentro de funções.

// Feature: Compile-time constants with `const`

// Syntax: `const NAME = value` (typically UPPER_SNAKE_CASE)

// When to use: fixed values known at compile time — limits,

// versions, immutable configuration. Unlike `let`, `const` must

// be initialized with a constant expression.


// Numeric constant.

const PI = 3.14159
const MAX_RETRIES = 3

// String constant.

const APP_NAME = "Zolo"
const VERSION = "0.1.0"

// Optional type annotation.

const BUFFER_SIZE: int = 1024

print(PI)  // 3.14159

print(MAX_RETRIES)  // 3

print(APP_NAME)  // Zolo

print(VERSION)  // 0.1.0

print(BUFFER_SIZE)  // 1024


// `const` can also appear inside functions (local scope).

fn area(r: float) -> float {
  const TWO_PI = 6.28318
  return TWO_PI * r * r * 0.5
}

print(area(5.0))  // 78.5...

// Reassigning a `const` is an error (uncomment to test):

// PI = 3.14  // error: cannot assign to const

override PORT = 8080 usa 8080 por padrão, mas aceita --set PORT=9000 em runtime.

// Feature: `override` — load-time substitutable constants

// Syntax: `override NAME [: T] [= default]`

// When to use: configuration that you want to fix at build time most of

// the time, but allow the host (CLI flag, env var, embedder API) to

// substitute without recompiling. Sits between `const` (fixed at build)

// and `let` (computed at runtime).

//

// Two resolution channels are supported today:

//   1. env var `ZOLO_OVERRIDE_<KEY>` at load time

//   2. CLI flag `--set KEY=VALUE` (or `--set=KEY=VALUE`) passed to

//      `zolo run`

// Both fall back to the comptime-constant default when no host value is

// supplied. The `@id("custom-name")` decorator lets you choose a key

// shape that doesn't have to match the Zolo identifier (kebab-case,

// dotted-path, etc.).

//

// See `specs/override-declarations.md` for the full specification.


// Top-level only — overrides are part of the module's public interface.

override PORT: int = 8080
override MAX_CONNECTIONS: int = 1024
override DEBUG: bool = false
override APP_NAME: str = "zolo-server"

// Custom key via `@id`. Useful when the host's config uses kebab-case

// or dotted paths that the Zolo identifier can't carry.

override RATE_LIMIT: int = 100

fn main() {
  print("Starting {APP_NAME} on port {PORT}")
  print("Max connections: {MAX_CONNECTIONS}")
  print("Debug mode: {DEBUG}")
  print("Rate limit: {RATE_LIMIT} req/s")
}
// Run without overrides:

//   $ zolo run 17-override.zolo

//   Starting zolo-server on port 8080  ...

//

// Run with --set flag (preferred form):

//   $ zolo run 17-override.zolo --set PORT=9000 --set DEBUG=true \

//                               --set rate-limit-rps=200

//   Starting zolo-server on port 9000  ...

//

// Run with environment overrides (equivalent):

//   $ ZOLO_OVERRIDE_PORT=9000 ZOLO_OVERRIDE_DEBUG=true \

//     ZOLO_OVERRIDE_RATE_LIMIT_RPS=200 zolo run 17-override.zolo

//

// Hyphens and dots in `@id` keys are normalized to underscores in the

// env-var name (`rate-limit-rps` → `ZOLO_OVERRIDE_RATE_LIMIT_RPS`).

//

// Restrictions enforced by the compiler:

//

// 1. Default must be comptime-constant. Runtime calls don't compile.

//

//    override BAD = read_user_input()

//    // error[E_OverrideNotConst]: `override` default must be a

//    //                            comptime-constant expression

//

// 2. At least one of `: T` or `= default` is required.

//

//    override SOMETHING

//    // parse error: `override` requires either a type annotation

//    //              or a default value

//

// 3. `override` without a default forces the host to provide a value:

//

//    override REQUIRED: str

//    // running without ZOLO_OVERRIDE_REQUIRED set:

//    //   error: E_OverrideMissing: override `REQUIRED` has no default

//    //          and was not set via ZOLO_OVERRIDE_REQUIRED

//

// Difference vs. `const`:

//   const  — fixed at BUILD time; aggressive constant-folding allowed.

//   override — fixed at LOAD time; host can substitute before main runs.

//   let mut / var — runtime; can change during execution.